Verified70% confidenceFactExact time
Stanford University's 2023 "Lost in the Middle" study (Liu et al.) showed that when key information is located in the middle section of the context, the model's retrieval accuracy drops approximately 20–30 percentage points compared to the head and tail, and this is especially significant when the context exceeds 32K tokens.
4
Sources
70%
Confidence
Long-term
Relevance
7/19/2026
First Seen
Sources
Related Claims
VerifiedA 2023 Stanford University research experiment demonstrated that when key information was placed in the middle of an input document, GPT-4's correct recall rate dropped approximately 20–30% compared to when the information was placed at the beginning or end.75% similarUnverifiedExperimental data shows that when key information is located at the beginning and end of the input sequence, the model's retrieval accuracy can be as high as over 90%, but when located in the middle, it may drop sharply to below 60%.73% similar
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