Unverified50% confidenceReleaseExact time
ML System Map是一个免费的交互式学习工具，由作者基于其实际部署过的真实系统构建，网址为https://futureproofds.com/tools/ml-system-map
1
Sources
50%
Confidence
Medium-term (~90 days)
Relevance
8/26/2026
First Seen
Valid until: 11/24/2026
Sources
Related Entities
Related Claims
VerifiedIn the paper "Hidden Technical Debt in Machine Learning Systems," Google pointed out that in real ML systems, the actual ML code constitutes only a small fraction of the entire system, surrounded by large amounts of data collection, feature extraction, configuration management, serving infrastructure, and monitoring code.66% similarVerifiedGoogle's MLOps maturity model defines the degree of automation across three levels: Level 0 is fully manual, Level 1 achieves ML pipeline automation and continuous training, and Level 2 achieves full CI/CD + CT automation.62% similarVerifiedFederated learning is a distributed machine learning paradigm proposed by Google in 2017, allowing models to be trained on local devices without uploading raw data to a central server.61% similarVerifiedGoogle's MLOps maturity model divides ML systems into levels 0 through 2, with Level 2 achieving a complete CI/CD/CT closed loop.60% similarVerifiedGoogle's 2015 paper "Hidden Technical Debt in Machine Learning Systems" revealed that the actual machine learning code in ML systems accounts for only a very small proportion.58% similar
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