FPGA

Modern AI data centers typically adopt a heterogeneous architecture of CPU + GPU/TPU + DPU + dedicated accelerators.

FPGAs are programmable hardware whose logic functions can be reconfigured through code, unlike taping out and manufacturing a new chip

FPGA consoles generate images directly in the digital domain, can output clean signals from 480p to 1080p or even 4K, and support progressive scan and optional scanline filters.

The Super Nt and Mega Sg previously used FPGA processors, capable of reproducing the operation of the original consoles with hardware-level precision, while also supporting HDMI output.

An FPGA is an integrated circuit whose logic gate circuits can be reconfigured by the user after manufacturing; its internal lookup tables, flip-flops, and routing resources can work in parallel, enabling it to reproduce the digital behavior of a specific chip with extremely low latency.

In retro console scenarios, developers obtain logic descriptions of the original console's CPU, PPU, APU, and other chips through reverse engineering, then use hardware description languages (such as Verilog, VHDL) to map them onto an FPGA.

The four most valuable scenarios for AI in FPGA development are: writing boilerplate code and common interfaces, writing testbenches (Testbench), explaining existing code, and debugging obvious bugs.

Non-GPU AI accelerators typically refer to ASICs, FPGAs, or custom chips designed for specific neural network operators, rather than general-purpose parallel processors like GPUs.

FPGAs are programmable logic devices whose circuit logic can still be reconfigured via hardware description languages after manufacturing, making them suitable for scenarios requiring flexibility such as network acceleration, financial risk control, and inference.

FPGAs can run any digital circuit design without taping out, whereas tape-out costs can run into the millions of dollars and require months of waiting

OpenTPU 并非真正流片的芯片，而是运行在 Kintex 7 FPGA 开发卡上，通过可编程逻辑门阵列模拟硬件设计

FPGA 验证可以在数小时内完成并随时修改，但性能和功耗与最终硅片相差悬殊；ASIC 流片周期长达数月、成本高达数百万美元

A typical solution for reconfigurable fault-tolerant systems is to reserve spare logic blocks in FPGAs, automatically remapping tasks to redundant units when radiation faults such as single-event upsets (SEU) occur.

Building on an existing open-source gigabit Ethernet project that already had IP layer and UDP functionality, this project separated the ICMP function from the IP core and added a complete TCP client module.

Vendors have already released PCIe-to-ISA adapter cards based on FPGAs, enabling legacy ISA industrial cards to be inserted into modern server motherboards and operated.

FPGAs can precisely reproduce the timing characteristics of the ISA bus at the logic level through hardware description languages (such as VHDL or Verilog), including nanosecond-level read/write wait cycles.

The research team chose FPGA as the end-to-end evaluation platform due to its ease of deployment and rapid iteration.

The paper claims that the design flow trade-offs studied are largely independent of the target process, and the AHRR approach is expected to transfer to other chip implementation paths such as ASIC.

The Analogue Pocket has long held a high-end position in the retro handheld market by virtue of the high-fidelity hardware emulation delivered by FPGA technology

Currently available public information does not clearly indicate whether the FPGB Mini adopts a full FPGA architecture or relies on a traditional SoC plus software emulation solution